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. I VOL. NO. XXXIII No. 36 - -i ■ i - 'g=======»«~ — ■■ ' ■11 - PUBLISHED WEEKLY ELKIN, N. C., TUESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1945 $2.00 PER YEAR 4 PAGES—ONE SECTION Iruman lelis Of Conference In Radio Talk Big Three Determined To Preserve A “Just and Lasting” World Peace President Truman revealed Tuesday night that new “military secrets” are in store for the Japanese in addition to the atomic bomb and Russia’s participation in the Pacific t. conflict. The chief executive told the nation in his long awaited report on the big three’s Potsdam conference that Russia’s action was only one of the important military de ^cisions reached at Potsdam. ^ Delving deeply into the agreements reached at Yalta, he disclosed that Russia agreed to fight the Japs “before she had been informed of our new weapon”—the awesome atomic bomb. < He warned the Japanese that the United States will continue to use the bomb ‘‘until we complete ly destroy Japan’s power to make war” and added that ‘‘only a Japanese surrender will stop us.” At the same time he reassured the American people that, in the peace making, the United States will acquire all the bases that military experts “deem to be es sential to our protection”—in cluding some of those not now in American possession.” This will be done, he added, under arrange ments “consistent with the united nations charter.” He revealed for the first time that he proposed at Potsdam in ternational regulation of Europe’s inland waterways, including the strategic Dardanelles, Germany’s Kiel canal, the Danube and Rhine rivers "and all the inland water ways of Europe which border on two or more states.” Mr. Truman said that he seeks for this country' American mem bership on the controlling agen cies along with Britain, Russia, and France. “Our proposal was considered by the conference and was re ferred to the council of ministers,” he said. “There, the United States intends to press for its adoption.” He conceded that compromise on all sides was required before the big three reached the political and territorial decisions proclaim ed to the world last week. He said the three great powers are now “more closely than ever to achieve ... a just and lasting Ivusona ” ' “From Teheran, and the Cri mea, and San Francisco, and Ber lin—we shall continue to march together to our objective,” he said. He re-emphasized that there were no secret agreements or commitments reached at Potsdam “apart from current military ar rangements” formulated by the big three. Heavy Taxes Paid By Beer Industry Raleigh, August 6. — North Carolina’s beer industry paid $9,003,944.52 in Federal, State , and Local taxes for the 1944-45 fiscal year ended June 30. Figures compiled by the North Carolina Committee — United States Brewers Foundation, dis closed ^he industry paid $8,008, k 371.52 to the Federal Govem 9 ment, $2,870,573 to the State and $125,000 to counties, cities arid towns. bound together in determination Hii Stores Here To Close Today; Service Planned Gaston L. Hill, president of the Elkin Merchants as sociation, said shortly aft er 5:00 o’clock this morn ing that Elkin stores would be closed all day in celebra tion of the surrender of Ja pan. Mr. Hill urged that em ployees attend thanksgiv ing church services sched uled to be held at the Gil vin Roth YMCA at 8:00 p. m. this evening. Suspense Here Ended ~ Elkin, alone with the rest of the nation and the world, ended a long period of sus pense early Tuesday morning when the news was flashed that the Japanese radio had broadcast that Japan had surrendered under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. Since 7:38 o’clock Friday morning when the Japs broadcast from Tokyo that they were ready to accept al lied surrender terms provided Emperor (Hirohito’s preroga tives as a soverign ruler would not be prejudiced, Elkin citi zens have waited with an ear to the radio in the hope that at long last the greatest and most destructive war in the history of the world was ready to end. But as hours passed and no word came from Japan in reply to the terms stating that the Japs could keep their emperor only as a pup pet of the supreme command er of thfe occupation forces, the tension of waiting steadily increased, and many citizens were heard to state that the Japanese should be given an other taste of the terrible atomic bomb, Although the news of the acceptance by the Japs of the allied terms came in the wee hours of Tuesday morn ing, it did not catch all citi zens asleep. Members of The (Continued on page four) -nr Leaders of Victorious Allied Forces In Pacific Although there was nothing official to go on early Tuesday morning when it was learn- # ed that Japan had accepted the Allies’ surrender terms, it was believed in Washington circles that one of the two men pictured above would be named as supreme commander of the occupation forces of Japan, with General Douglas MacArthur, right, expected to get the call. Admiral Nimitz, left, whom observers have mentioned for this post, is purely a naval commander and not considered likely to be given such a command over ground forces, although he has carried a large part of the burden of America’s vic torious march across the Pacific. General MacArthur, on the other hand, is commander of all army forces in the Pacific, and his choice would appear logical. It is probable that appointment of a supreme commander to occupy Japan will be named shortly once Ja pan’s surrender is officially confirmed by President Truman. A Outlook For Home Front As Japanese Surrender Washington. — This is the home front picture in brief as the war ends. Cost of the war—Almost $300 000,000,000 so far. Casualties—Over 1,068,216, with more than 250,000 of them killed. Taxes—Heavy public debt likely to require continued high taxes although Congress may insist on earlier cuts than treasury wants. Government spending — Taking care of army and navy, and relief costs to require considerable mon ey, with gradual easing of ex penditures. Cutbacks—Navy already halted building 95 ships costing $1,200, 000,000; army to trim purchases by $25,000,000,000 or more on an annual basis. Price controls—Due to be lifted soon from items the demand lor which will exert no inflationary pressure. Food rationing — High military requirements likely to make it necessary for some additional time. Shoe rationing—Due to be end ed soon. Gasoline rationing—Due to be ended within two or three-weeks. Tire rationing—Not expected to last much longer with easing of military demands. Manpower controls — Revoked immediately with end of war. Unemployment—Some 5,000,000 workers in munitions, shipbuild - ‘ - Ing, aircraft and ordnance plants expected to be jobless within 60 days. Some due to leave labor market, with private industry likely to absorb much of balance. Congress — To return to work September 4 to tackle such things as unemployment compensation, and legislation designed to take up any job slack in peacetime with public works. Draft—Situation unchanged at present. Congress may pass law ending selective service at once. Army discharges—5,000,000 men may be released within a year, al though no official statement yet. Reconversion— Emergency pro gram being rushed by war produc tion board to expedite manufac ture of civilian goods. ■ Travel—Tough travel condi tions expected to last another 60 days before situation eases on railroads, busses and planes. Food prospects—Third largest general food and feed crop in na tion’s history expected for 1945 on basis present crop outlook. Consumer goods — Accelerated production of vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines and toasters likely. Automobile—Flood of steel ex pected to permit doubling the planned production of 250,000 and allow big increases in other con sumer goods. Fuel o}l — Quick ending of ra tioning scheduled. Following is the text of the reply of Secretary of State Byrnes to Max Grassili, Charge d’Affaires of the Swiss Legation relative to the Jap anese surrender proposal: Sir: “I have the honor to ac knowledge receipt of your note of August 10, and in reply to inform you that the President of the United States has directed me to send you for trans- « mission to the Japanese Gov ernment the following mes sage on behalf of the Govern ments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Un ion of Soviet Socialist Repub lics and China: “With reply to the Japa nese Government’s message accepting the terms of the Potsdam proclamation but containing the statement, ‘With the understanding that the said declaration does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a sovereign ruler,’ our position is as fol lows: “From the moment of sur render the authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the State shall be subject to the Su preme Command of the Allied powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate the surrender terms. “The Emperor will be re quired to authorize and en sure the signature by the Government of Japan and the Japanese Imperial Headquar ters of the surrender terms necessary, to carry out the (Continued On Page Four) rlirohito Will Keep Mouthpiece Of Victors San Francisco, August 13th—(UP)— The Domei radio reported tonight (1:49 A. M., Tuesday, E. W. T.) that the Imperial message accepting the allied original surrender declaration would be an nounced shortly. (The office of War Information based on F. C. C. recording said flatly that the Japanese government had accepted surrender terms). The announcement came at 2:49 P. M. Tuesday, Tokyo time — ninety hours and nineteen minutes after Tokyo radio first broadcast Japan’s surrender offer, and it came after the mighty fleet of U. S. bombers, including giant B-29’s had resumed attack on Japan’s homeland. The Tokyo flash said “Tokyo message accepting the Potsdam proclamation will be forthcoming soon.” 0. W. I. explained that the Domei dispatch did not state flatly V Text of Potsdam Ultimatum To The Japanese Following is the text of the Potsdam ultimatum which contained 11 points necessary for acceptance by Japan in agreeing to surrender: 1. Elimination “for all time” of the authority and influence of those who led Japan into her career of conquest. 2. Occupation of points in Japanese territory to be desig nated by the allies until a “new order of peace and security” in the world is assured. 3. Limitation of Japanese sovereignty to the main islands of Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and a few minor islands. 4. Carrying out the terms of the Cairo declaration which would strip Japan of all her conquests. 5. Complete disarmament of Japanese armed forces. 6. No enslavement of the Japanese nation. 7. Stern justice for war crim inals. 8. Removal by the Japanese government of all obstacles to a revival of democracy, free dom of speech, religion and thought. 9. Permission for Japan to re tain such industries as will sus tain her economy and permit reparations in kind. 10. Access for Japan to raw materials and world trade. 11. A promise to withdraw occupying allied forces when Japan has established a peace fully-inclined government “in accordance with the freely ex pressed will of the Japanese people.” Supervisor Meets With Local Panel Allen Parks, of Winston-Salem, supervisor of the price panel board of OPA in this area, met with local OPA clerks and volun teer women workers of Elkin here last Tuesday afternoon. Price charts were studied, and it was explained to workers how they might assist merchants in keeping prices in line. that Japan had surrendered and that the action was final, but said that the fact that Domei put out such a statement indicated that that was in fact the case. Domei is controlled by the Japanese government. F. C. C. monitors reported that Tokyo, in a Japanese language broadcast to occupied Asia eleven minutes after the flash, made, no mention of the sur render, indicating that the Japanese people in occupied ter ritory were being kept in darkness about negotiations. There also is no Indication that the Japanese in the home islands have been informed, F. C. C. said. This announcement came 63 hours and 49 minutes after U. S. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes replied to Japan’s “conditional surrender offer.” The Japanese offer asked for clarification of the status of Emperor Hirohito. The allies replied that he might stay on the throne, but would be un der orders of the supreme allied commander — a post to which General Douglas MacArthur is reported to be named. Only 22 minutes before Tokyo announced the decision, another broadcast said that the cabinet had been deliberat ing allied terms throughout Monday. This announcement said that the Japanese government was then deliberating on its reply to the allied surrender terms, and that Japan’s reply probably “will be available any time, as soon as legal procedure is completed.” At the same time federal communications commission en gineers said that the Tokyo code station had been sending long code messages to neutral Switzerland since 12:48 A. M. ewt. The allied Japanese negotiations have been handled through Swiss “foreign” offices. The first indication that there might be a break in the situation came at 10:15 P. M. Pacific war time, (1:15 a. m., ewt.) when Tokyo said that the Japanese government had started deliberating upon a message to the allies immediate ly after receiving the allied reply to Japan’s surrender offer. This brief broadcast indicated that Japan’s acceptance of the new terms might have already been reached after hours of cabinet debate. The Domei Agency flash was reported twice after the first sudden announcement, and then the radio was silent. At 1:59 A. M. ewt, there had been no fur the* announce ment. n Earlier Report j First news of the Japanese decision to surrender came in a broadcast from Radio Tokyo at 7:38 Friday morning, which was picked up by short wave monitors in this country. The Tokyo station began the historic declaration address »d to the Allies through Switzerland and Sweden but broke >ff without completing the text of the announcement. An announcer asked listeners to “stand by.” The broadcast followed shortly on the heels of another announcement in which the enemy radio said the Japanese iad lodged a protest with the United States against use of the atomic bomb. . “By the gracious command of his majesty, who ever to }r>>x\; (Continued on page four) • • j - ' v
The Elkin Tribune (Elkin, N.C.)
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Aug. 14, 1945, edition 1
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